A sensitive, not too persistent approach could be helpful to convince future contributors and avoid donor fatigue. (2010), “Feeling good about giving: the benefits and costs of self-interested charitable behavior”, in Oppenheimer, D.M. We need the correct … 116 No. … https://phys.org/news/2017-11-people-dumpster-ethical.html. Food waste causes four percent of Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions Krautzberger: There is hardly any sector where waste avoidance is so easy. It is urgent to take more aggressive yet scientifically-based actions to reduce FLW, which require everyone's involvement along the food supply chain, including policy makers, food producers and suppliers, and food consumers. In Germany, 11 million tons of food waste per year (Kranert et al., 2012) occur throughout the supply chain from farm gate to consumer (Gadde and Amani, 2016). 144-158. Food Waste Abhishek Guddu 14111003 IIT Roorkee 2. Our next question tried to explore the type of food t, terms of food waste in German retail stores. and Olivola, C.Y. 2015. However, since donations are cheaper than disposal, economic benefits add another motivation to donate (Holweg et al., 2010; Lorenz, 2012; Vlaholias et al., 2015). *The decrease of recycled glass is due to a change of the registration principles In 2015, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted in Germany, 11 with actors in the food retail sector, and one with a spokesperson for a food bank (Table I). 521, German civil code), if the retailer did not emphasize the information to the food bank that best-before-date was expired. As mentioned above, we conducted an online survey focusin. Tesco, a British online multinational. Overall, motivations seemed altruistic, since retailers did not show interest in gaining benefits for themselves. Kranert, M., Hafner, G., Barabosz, J., Schuller, H., Leverenz, D., Kölbig, A., Schneider, F., Lebersorger, S. and Scherhaufer, S. (2012), Determination Amounts of Food Disposed and Suggestions for Reduction of the Disposal Rate for Food in Germany (in German), Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), Stuttgart. the discount factor does not influence their buying habit. (Ed. The present study explores the situation in German food retail, focusing on both practices. https://www.dw.com/en/two-german-students-on-trial-for-dumpster-diving/av-47294420. While food waste occurs in all stages of the food supply chain, private households have been identified as key actors in food waste generation. 14-15). In addition, food waste is a sensitive topic, since food waste is considered socially undesirable. […] First, I have to scan everything. However, it is not the same case everywhere. Facing this uncertainty, many interviewees only donated items with minor safety concerns. respondents are doing apprenticeship/ausbildung, and another 2.2% are school students. 75% of the respondents interpreted the, We conducted quick research on date labels on, from forgetting some necessary items which s/he came to buy, entering inside the market. 91-112. Produce with a standardized appearance may ease trade, but seem to negatively impact the acceptance of produce with visual impairments both in the regular market and in redistribution. (2015), “Reducing food waste: an investigation on the behavior of Italian youths”, British Food Journal, Vol. Across global food systems, food loss and waste (FLW) is a widespread issue, posing a challenge to food security, food safety, the economy, and environmental sustainability. and Slora, K.B. EU Regulation 178/2002 (Sections 17 and 19) requires retailers to act responsibly, and take unsafe products off the market. This year, we selected a number of interesting papers for the minitrack, which give a good insight into the current state of the field. 5 No. Increasing concerns about food security and environmental impacts, such as resource depletion and greenhouse gas emissions attributed to food waste, have intensified attention to the topic. In Germany, 11 million tons of food waste per year (Kranert et al., 2012) occur throughout the supply chain from farm gate to consumer (Gadde and Amani, 2016). 9, pp. Food waste is a huge and costly issue for the world. Two German female students have started an online petition to curb food waste in Germany. Methods number of consumers are also unaware of the, Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatum (Best before date). The food industry, as one of the largest industries around the world, is of primary importance to numerous national economies. Frieling, D., Stricks, V., Wildenberg, M. and Schneider, F. (2013), “The beauty and the beast – how quality management criteria at supermarkets create food waste”, in Chalmers University of Technology – The Swedish Life Cycle Center (Eds), Perspectives on Managing Life Cycles – Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Life Cycle Management, Gothenburg, August 25-28, pp. (2011), “Global food losses and food waste. On one occasion, the interviewee did not agree to recording, and therefore field notes were taken. We identify the knowledge gaps and opportunities for research by synthesizing the strategies of FLW reduction and the barriers, including 1) filling the data gaps, 2) quantifying the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of FLW reduction strategies, 3) understanding the scale effects, and 4) exploring the impacts of global transitions. 6, pp. minority of 5.8% said they never have any. practices adopted in the United Kingdom from which Germany needs to learn. Table 9: Upcoming events organized by Die Tafeln on food and health sustainability. Ultimately, shopping for imperfect food could help to prevent food waste in the upper parts of the … The experiences and perceptions of actors involved in German food retail and their strategies to reduce food waste are yet unexplored. Impacts of food shape abnormality and organic labeling on purchase intentions, Socio-ecological consequences of charitable food assistance in the affluent society: the German Tafel, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Causes of waste across multi-tier supply networks: cases in the UK food sector, International Journal of Production Economics, The logics of surplus food redistribution, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, From retail theatre to retail food show. (Philosophische Fakultät und Fachbereich Theologie), Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen, 1st Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Matthias S. Fifka, 2nd Supervisor: Mr. Cristian Loza Adaui (M.A. Germany to make people aware of this issue. This idea is widespread in the. In order to evaluate food waste reduction practices in German food retail it is necessary to understand the food waste hierarchy (Figure 1), including suggestions how to handle surplus food and food waste. An additional point in the literature was, overproduction and bad handling causes food waste. is influenced by the habit of bulk buying. Bmel.de. Loebnitz et al. 1911-1919. Smart operators are now starting to see significant savings in the prevention of food waste before it gets to the customer’s plate. A compact scanning device that determines the freshness of food in supermarkets is under development in Germany, where the Bavarian government is tackling food waste. Lebersorger, S. and Schneider, F. (2014), “Food loss rates at the food retail, influencing factors and reasons as a basis for waste prevention measures”, Waste Management, Vol. However, in the UK, regulations impede redistribution since retailers fear litigation (Midgley, 2014; Gruber et al., 2016). According to Sandelowski and Barroso (2003), in qualitative research, consensus is a common approach where at least two coder independently code the data, compare their coding, and discuss and resolve discrepancies when they arise. However, the evidence on why food waste occurs remains scattered. The focus is on selling and redistributing agricultural produce with visual impairments and other surplus food items. Voit, W. (2014), “Workshop-food losses and food law. Recent implementation of the European Working Time Directive has been an important development in the training of Irish NCHDs, reducing long working hours and shift duration. Bitsch, V. and Yakura, E.K. reported by Véronique et al. Food waste is recognised as being one of the major global challenges in achieving a sustainable future. All rights reserved. European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2008), “Directives: Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (Text with EEA relevance)”, Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. (2016), retailers are concerned about food waste due to economic and moral reasons. Food waste does not only mean that valuable and often scarce resources such as water, soil, and energy are being lost, it also contributes to climate change. Three of the 11 retail actors were owners of conventional supermarkets, one store manager for a produce specialty store, one produce buyer of a conventional supermarket chain, and two managers of a produce wholesale market. From food waste to fertilizer in hours. 15-34. Due to the limited accessibility of actors with management positions in food retail, other sampling strategies would not have been likely to succeed. 6, pp. Every year 10 million tons of food is either lost or wasted in the country, costing the French 16 billion euros per year.. T he negative impact on the environment is also shocking. Although several retailers collaborate with farmers on a regular basis, they emphasized that donations to farmers, e.g., as animal feed or compost (recycling), are regarded as an inferior option compared to redistribution for human consumption. The producer, the retailer and the food bank can be held liable, if the injured party is not an affiliate but a third party as in this case. These issues require to be addressed to improve the Irish intern experience. (Eds), The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity, Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, NY, pp. Out of 5.05 million tonnes, 3.49 million tonnes are residual waste, and. Since prior research indicated that awareness of food waste could increase purchasing intentions for produce deviating from the standard appearance (Loebnitz et al., 2015), awareness campaigns could contribute to reaching this goal. Promotions entice consumers to buy more food than intended (Peattie, 1998), which may turn into waste (Gruber et al., 2016; Priefer et al., 2013). Moreover, waste management strategies, general regulatory policies, treatment methods, and effects of waste recovery on the sustainability of food production are discussed in detail. regional groupings and divided the countries based on their income status as high, middle-. Lastly, explanatory case study helps, study from inside out. Lidl Germany is introducing a new food waste strategy in-store using boxes alerting consumers their contents are half-price and ‘still good’. Part of the attention is aimed at the service industry, because high quality processing of information is usually the added value the industry provides for its customers. This is especially a problem with overseas export and import, since there the items are usually stored under special conditions which at times malfunction, or shipping time is delayed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800351-0.00001-8. In table 2, the amount of animal and mixed food wastes, has increased by approximately 30 times since 2010. The Food Waste Problem. (Owner of a large conventional supermarket in a large city). The producer must present proof of exoneration (Art 1, German product liability law), of not providing a spoiled product to the retailer. In this context interviewees were asked to comment on recent policy changes in other European countries, especially France. 389-399. They believed that the practice of showcasing perfectly shaped produce according to former EU standards (trade classes extra and I) led to consumers only being familiar that type of produce. The first and the second author carried out the analysis using f4 software for transcription and Atlas.ti for coding, establishment of the categories, and memo writing. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. 3, pp. In France, the problem is not different than elsewhere. But as I said, we are an organic grocery store” (Owner of a small organic supermarket near Munich), “I also have carrots here, which are unwashed. Purpose companies can develop a strategy to tackle that issue (Lipinski (2015). 8.3 Recommendation on Food Waste Prevention at, Wholesalers and retailers are the intermediaries between ‘farm and fork’. Germany’s policy mix are still “not in force”. However, they did discuss their motivation to participate in redistribution. Based on this knowledge, different strategies to convince potential contributors can be developed. items can still be consumed even if it has exceeded its ‘best before date’. 6, pp. itself, we decided to analyze the other level based on the existing data and literature. Loebnitz, N., Schuitema, G. and Grunert, K.G. Blanke, M. (2015), “Challenges of reducing fresh produce waste in Europe – from farm to fork”, Agriculture, Vol. 4, pp. Worldwide this adds up to more than 1.3 … downloaded free on www.productivity-management.de. 1-28. This study revealed that farmers do not consider food waste to be an issue of primary concern and perceive food waste to be an intrinsic part of farming. Dunlop, P.D. Learn More. In such a country, many will think its people lead a luxurious life. In Germany, 7 percent of the population, approximately 5,740,000 people, suffer from food insecurity (Pfeiffer et al., 2011). Thematic analysis was employed to analyse data from the interviews. Mapping the determinants of waste generation deepens the understanding of household practices and helps design food waste prevention strategies. 390-403. This approach has the advantage that the sampling process is not easily interrupted or stopped, and reduces potential sampling bias. In Germany there is a recent trend of establishing supermarkets selling only redistributed products. Bawa, K. and Shoemaker, R. (2004), “The effects of free sample promotions on incremental brand sales”, Marketing Science, Vol. That is my attitude. 24 May 2018 Issue 508 The contents and views included in Science for Environment Policy are based on independent, peer … This amounts to 1.3 billion tonnes per year. Accordingly, desirable strategies include lowering quality standards, as prevention, and redistribution for human consumption, as reuse. Food waste in America has reached a whole new level and at this point, reading the statistics boggles the mind. Per capita, this means that each German wastes about 55 kilograms of food per year. 67-80. (Chair of Economics of Horticulture and Landscaping, © 2017, David Hermsdorf, Meike Rombach and Vera Bitsch, Feeling good about giving: the benefits and costs of self-interested charitable behavior, The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity, Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Sustainable waste management in the food and drink industry, The effects of free sample promotions on incremental brand sales, Qualitative research: ‘a grounded theory example and evaluation criteria’, Middle management in Agriculture: roles, functions, and practices, International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, Challenges of reducing fresh produce waste in Europe – from farm to fork, A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews, Hungry for change: the food banking industry in Australia, The severity and prevalence of deviant employee activity within supermarkets, Consumers’ food choice and quality perception, MAPP Working Paper No. Surprisingly, this fi. Retailers tend towards donating these items to charitable organizations such as food banks (Lebersorger and Schneider, 2014; Papargyropoulou et al., 2014; Richter and Bokelmann, 2016) and social supermarkets (Holweg et al., 2010, 2016; Holweg and Lienbacher, 2011). Holweg, C. and Lienbacher, E. (2011), “Social marketing innovation: new thinking in retailing”, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, Vol. The FoodCycler™ reduces the weight and volume of food waste by 90% - creating a sterile, odorless, and nutrient-rich soil amendment for your plants or garden. Yet, over 800 million people suffer from hunger, partly because 1.3 billion tonnes of food … 2, pp. 4, pp. 22 No. 8 No. We asked our respondents to give multiple, our participants chose this reason (along, waste. 292-301. The global volume of food wastage is around 1.3 billion tonnes. I see many people going to buffet restaurants and filling their plates up and then wasting most of the food. If policy makers and institutions have an understanding of farmer behavior, they can implement ad hoc initiatives to reduce food waste and build on the work already done by farmers. In the context of food redistribution, food recipients are not directly involved in the donation process. Altruism and solicitation are often influenced by society, and, therefore, can be classified as social motivations. In 2020, the German Presidency to the Council of the European Union assessed progress made by Member States and the EU in their work to prevent and reduce food losses and food waste, as compared to the Council conclusions on food loss and waste (adopted in 2016). 1407-1421. Findings And I think that would simply be an additional expense. Quality standards for marketing produce build on standards of the European Union’s (EU) Common Agricultural Policy, designed to prevent produce of inferior quality from entering European markets, provide a reference framework for market transparency, and improve the profitability of production (Council of the European Union, 1996, Paras 3-5). 1, pp. 8.2 Recommendation on Food Waste Prevention at, In such circumstances, they should be able to utilize the food inside the wrong package by. One German supermarket is waging war on food waste by selling items rejected by other shops. In Germany, 18 million tonnes of food is wasted every year. Moreover, we briefly discuss the contributions of different social ontologies, more particularly psychology-related approaches and social practice theory. (2016), future research should focus on consumers’ willingness to pay for produce with visual impairments. (2015) show that in Germany food waste slightly decreases with increased shopping frequency, whereas in Italy the opposite has been found. and Cullen, P. (2001), “From retail theatre to retail food show. The institution aims to utilize these foods through charity. This is wasting about 2,6 million hectares of arable land. Excluding the household level, Gustavsson et al. People that value organic are basically more willing accept the appearance as they are aware the appearance has nothing to do with taste. Improving reputation, feeling superior and the joy of giving are examples of psychological motivations (Lorenz, 2012; Vlaholias et al., 2015). times a week’. Findings (2013), “Technology options for feeding 10 billion people: options for cutting food waste”, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Brussels, available at: www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2013/513515/IPOL-JOIN_ET(2013)513515_EN.pdf (accessed February 28, 2016). The snowball sampling procedure followed Noy (2008) and Heckathorn (2011) who suggested a multiple referral approach. The Food Loss and Waste database is the largest online collection of data on both food loss and food waste and causes reported throughout the literature. Why food waste is a problem. If the retailer willfully omitted information, the retailer is liable for the material defect and must compensate the injured party (Art. Inadequate storage knowledge causes food to go, bad. Also, the two-legged” (Owner of a small organic supermarket near Munich). 39 (11%) of interns have worked shifts of duration greater than 28 hours, and 11 (3%) have worked a single shift in excess of 32 hours. However, qualitative results can be transferable to other situations or populations than explored, if sending and receiving contexts have important characteristics in common (Bitsch, 2005). This analysis is presented in the section, 3.2 Methodology Used in Analysis of Food Waste at, available on the company’s website. However, raising awareness only is not enough to realize the expected FLW reduction. Exposure to air pollution. And the second reason is, relates to marketing. Lorenz (2012) also found similar motivations for food donations, including reputation gains, tax savings, and avoiding the costs of disposal. When analyzing motivations to sell produce with visual impairments, none of the retailers interviewed explicitly stated economic motivations. Since the standardized produce typically offered serves as reference for quality assessment, consumers may assume that produce with visual impairments is of lower quality (Göbel et al., 2015).
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