Winters are mildly wet and spring-like, though subject to cold spells. 7. Summers are dry and extremely hot, with temperatures above 45 °C (113 °F) almost daily and temperatures above 50 °C (122 °F) can be almost common. Interestingly, Iran is one of the very few countries that has a predominately Shia Muslim population (90 to 95%) instead of Sunni Muslims. Rioting broke out in Abadan, after the government had decided to nationalise the oil facilities, and three British workers were killed. Takhti Stadium, the main stadium is the city and the team. [15] The school specialized in engineering and petroleum chemistry, and was designed to train staff for the refinery in town. The healthy relationship between Iran and Iraq has become one of the transit cities connecting both countries through a 40-minute drive. The climate in Abadan is arid (Köppen climate classification BWh) and similar to Baghdad's, but slightly hotter due to Abadan's lower latitude. The Politics of Writing in Iran: A History of Modern Persian Literature , 1999. Only England And Wales jurisdiction apply in all legal matters. During World War II, Abadan was the site of brief combat between Iranian forces and British and Indian troops during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. Ù, Translation: âLong live Egypt, its president, its army, and its people who are loyal to the nation.âÂ. The proportion of natives of Tehran, the Caspian, Azerbaijan, and Kurdistan rose from 4% of blue collar workers to 22% of white collar workers to 45% of managers, thus Arabic-speakers were concentrated on the lower rungs of the work force, managers tended to be brought in from some distance. On 19 August 1978, the anniversary of the US-backed coup d'état that had overthrown the nationalist and popular Iranian prime minister, Mohammed Mossadegh, the Cinema Rex, a movie theatre in Abadan, was set ablaze. [5], In the subsequent centuries, the Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935.[5]. Iran - 81,529,435 . The agreement gave £1,500 per year and £16,500 in gold sovereigns to the Sheik. [7] Politically, Abadan was often the subject of dispute between the nearby states. It was not until the 20th century that rich oil fields were discovered in the area. At the time, there was much confusion and misinformation about the perpetrators of the incident. There is an international airport in Abadan. The Cinema Rex Fire caused 430 deaths,[22][nb 2] but more importantly, it was another event that kept the Islamic Revolution moving ahead. âI say this with all pride, with all glory, and all greatness that I am Egyptian and I love Egypt and that our President is the lion of Arabsâ¦â. Find Nigerian News, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Sports, Music, Events, Jobs, SME Listings and much more. The island is bounded in the west by the Arvand waterway and to the east by the Bahmanshir outlet of the Karun River (the Arvand Rood), 53 kilometres (33 mi) from the Persian Gulf,[3] near the Iran–Iraq border. To honor the 100th anniversary of the refining of oil in Abadan, city officials are planning an oil museum. On 16 July 1909, after secret negotiation with the British consul, Percy Cox, assisted by Arnold Wilson, and Sheik Khaz'al agreed to a rental agreement for the island, including Abadan. Egypt: Detained Al Jazeera journalist 'on verge of losing eyesight', Demolition of mosques and homes causes renewed uproar in Egypt, Sisi says Egypt, Sudan reject Ethiopian Nile dam 'fait accompli', Egypt: $32m âCairo Eyeâ landmark plans denounced as hospitals suffer, âSave us!â: Egyptian patient pleads for oxygen at Damanhour hospital. The civilian population of the city dropped close to zero during the eight years of the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988). The public largely put the blame on the local police chief and also the Shah and SAVAK. An etymology for this name is presented by B. Farahvashi to be derived from the Persian word "ab" (water) and the root "pā" (guard, watch) thus "coastguard station"). There is a large amount of external investment from East Asian countries that are building oil refineries and developing a lot of real estate. The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan , 1983. Abadan (Persian: آبادان Ābādān, pronounced [ʔɒːbɒːˈdɒːn]) is a city and capital of Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, which is located in the southwest of Iran. Only England And Wales jurisdiction apply in all legal matters. [16][17] Refinery throughput numbers rose from 33,000 tons in 1912–1913 to 4,338,000 tons in 1931. In 1991, 84,774 had returned to live in the city. For 12 months, Abadan was besieged, but never captured, by Iraqi forces, and in September 1981, the Iranians broke the siege of Abadan. Among some of the other projects announced is a new building for the House of Representatives, which is set to be the largest in the Middle East and will accommodate over 1,000 people. Abadan is also part of the Arvand Free Zone, a 155 square kilometer industrial and security zone.[51]. [9] Abadan Refinery is one of the largest in the world. Find stories, updates and expert opinion. Abadan (Persian: آبادا٠â ÄbÄdÄn, pronounced [ÊÉËbÉËËdÉËn]) is a city and capital of Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, which is located in the southwest of Iran.It lies on Abadan Island (68 km or 42 mi long, 3â19 km or 2â12 miles wide). [15] The Anglo-Persian Oil Company built their first pipeline terminus oil refinery in Abadan, starting in 1909 and completing it in 1912, with oil flowing by August 1912 (see Abadan Refinery). [24][27] The fire was one of four during a short period in August, with other fires in Mashhad, Rizaiya, and Shiraz. [21] That continued until 1973, when the NIOC took over all facilities. Iran was declared an Islamic Republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The new capital is currently being built in the desert 45km east of Cairo, where private construction companies are hard at work under the supervision of the army. [10] There is also a single Armenian church in the centre of the city. Today, Abadan is known for its lively fish market where locals buy fresh catch of the day used in the many delicious seafood dishes of the city. [8] By 2001, the population had jumped to 206,073, and it was 217,988, in 48,061 families, according to 2006 census. [5], In Islamic times, a pseudo-etymology was produced by the historian Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri (d. 892) quoting a folk story that the town was presumably founded by one "Abbad bin Hosayn" from the Arabian Tribe of Banu Tamim, who established a garrison there during the governorship of Hajjaj in the Ummayad period. [29] Prior to the war, the city's civilian population was about 300,000, but at the war's end nearly the entire populace had sought refuge elsewhere in Iran. In 1847, Persia acquired it from the Ottoman Empire[8] in which state Abadan has remained since. Another user expressed their pride in being Egyptian. The Egyptian government has invested in a series of high-profile infrastructure projects - with the new administrative capital perhaps the most prominent. Abadan is 140 km from the provincial capital city of Ahvaz. Daytime trains from Ahvaz as well as overnight trains from Tehran and Mashhad are available. Tapper, Richard. The ambitious project aims to house the government, a presidential palace, the supreme court and the central bank, as well as an airport and a business district.Â. [30] In 1993, the refinery began limited operation and the port reopened. Abadan today has been declared as a free zone city. Latest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. Latest news from around the globe, including the nuclear arms race, migration, North Korea, Brexit and more. The Abadan Refinery construction project started in 1909 and its operation began in 1962 by a production capacity of 2500 barrels per day. It lies on Abadan Island (68 km or 42 mi long, 3–19 km or 2–12 miles wide). ", "Iran's Global Petroleumscape: The Role of Oil in Shaping Khuzestan and Tehran", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 (بدون احتساب خانوارهاي موسسه اي و غيرساكن)", Amateur Astronomers Association of Abadan, Abadan Photo Gallery from the Khuzestan Governorship, List of cities, towns and villages in Khuzestan Province, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abadan,_Iran&oldid=1008467588, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from June 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Persian-language text, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. © Middle East Eye 2021 - all rights reserved. [28] Much of the city, including the oil refinery, which was the world's largest refinery with capacity of 628,000 barrels per day, was badly damaged or destroyed by the siege and by bombing. Wilbur, Donald N. Iran, Past and Present: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic , 9th ed., 1981. Get the latest international news and world events from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and more. The majority of the population of Iran (around 99.4%) have adopted Islam. [42] The Abadan oil refinery was featured on the reverse side of Iran's 100-rial banknotes printed in 1965 and from 1971 to 1973. Sari (Persian: Ø³Ø§Ø±Û â; also romanized as SÄrÄ«), also known as Shahr-e-Tajan and Shari-e-Tajan, is the provincial capital of Mazandaran Province and former capital of Iran (for a short period), located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of the Caspian Sea.Sari is the largest and most populous city of Mazandaran. Winter temperatures are around 16–20 °C (61–68 °F). The earliest mention of the island of Abadan, if not the port itself, is found in works of the geographer Marcian, who renders the name "Apphadana". [3] The siltation of the river delta forced the town further away from water; In the 14th century, however, Ibn Battutah described Abadan just as a small port in a flat salty plain. Middle East Eye          ISSN 2634-2456                    Â, Social media users have both praised and condemned the government's plans to build what it says would be the biggest mosque in the world, The mosque is set to be one of the largest in the world, according to Egypt's presidential spokesperson (Screengrab/Facebook), Covid-hit Egypt is spending $23bn on a flashy train line, and people aren't happy, Egypt: New mega-mosque project for administrative capital divides opinions. One section of the tribe, Mohaysen, had its headquarters at Mohammara (now Khorramshahr), until the removal of Shaikh Khaz'al Khan in 1924.[11]. This article is available in French on Middle East Eye French edition. Nearest railway station is in Khorramshahr, about 10 km north of Abadan. Program study of this school is similar to curriculum that applies most Iranian medical faculties. The city was then a commercial source of salt and woven mats. For other uses, see. Sources give different amounts for the number of people killed, with 400+, Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia, Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region, Book of History of Television and Radio in Iran, Page 23, Cheat Sheet on Iranian Restaurants and Street Food, Abadan-Ayatollah Jami International Airport, The first computer and refinery in the Middle East, When Iran’s Abadan was Capital of the World | Abadan, Civilization & Modernity, 13 things you might not know about Iran - ESPN.com, "Highest record temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "Lowest record temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "Average Maximum temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "Average Mean Daily temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "Average Minimum temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "Monthly Total Precipitation in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "Average relative humidity in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "No. [20] It was not until 1954 that a settlement was reached, which allowed a consortium of international oil companies to manage the production and refining on the island. Recently, Abadan has been the site of major labour activity as workers at the oil refineries in the city have staged walkouts and strikes to protest non-payment of wages and the political situation in the country.[31]. [43] The lowest recorded temperature in the city range is −4 °C (25 °F). Over time, the true culprits, radical Islamists, were apprehended, and the logic behind this act was revealed, as they were trying both to foment the general public to distrust the government even more, and they also perceived cinema as a link to the Americans. Abadan is notably one of the few hottest populated places on earth and experiences a few sand and dust storms per year. [23][24][25][26] The reformist Sobhe Emrooz newspaper in one of its editorials revealed that the Cinema Rex was burned down by radical Islamists. [4] Earlier, the classical geographer Ptolemy notes "Apphana" as an island off the mouth of the Tigris (which is, where the modern Island of Abadan is located). Sanat Naft Abadan F.C., is one of the Iranian football clubs that is currently competing with other teams in the Iranian Football Premier League. The population today has reached almost 350,000 people. See world news photos and videos at ABCNews.com It appears in the form of an anthology, a compilation of texts of a variety of forms that are all linked by the belief that they are collectively revelations of God. [50] Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Abadan by Month 1951–2010", "Monthly total sunshine hours in ABADAN by Month 1951–2010", "Flightradar24.com – Live flight tracker! The 1986 census recorded only 6 people. Abadan was not a major cultural or religious centre, but it played an important role in the Islamic Revolution. The $45bn project is expected to be about the size of Singapore and has raised many concerns over its economic feasibility. In September 1980, Abadan was almost overrun during a surprise attack on Khuzestan by Iraq, marking the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War. Abadan University of Medical Sciences, It was founded by Ministry of Health and Medical Education in September 1941 as a Nursing Faculty and in 2012 it became an independent faculty of medical school. "Abadan" redirects here. âThe Egypt Mosque in the new administrative capital, one of the largest mosques in the world, with a capacity for 107,000 worshippers. [22] The world's highest unconfirmed temperature was a temperature flare up during a heat burst in June 1967, with a temperature of 87 °C (189 °F). Its minaret will reach a height of 140 meters. Later, Abadan was a major logistics centre for Lend-Lease aircraft being sent to the Soviet Union by the United States. After the war, the biggest concern was the rebuilding of Abadan's oil refinery, as it was operating at 10% of capacity due to damage. Abadan is thought to have been further developed into a major port city under the Abbasids' rule. [12][13][14][nb 1] The Sheik continued to administer the island until 1924. The city is served by Abadan-Ayatollah Jami International Airport with flights on various commercial airlines. Nigeria's Largest Information Portal. Alarmed by the rise of a group they believed to be backed militarily by regional Shia power Iran, Saudi Arabia and eight other mostly Sunni Arab states began an ⦠© Middle East Eye 2021 - all rights reserved. BibleThe Bible is a collection of religious texts or scriptures sacred to Christians, Jews, Samaritans, Rastafari and others. [18][19], In 1951, Iran nationalised all oil properties and refining ground to a stop on the island. The Abadan Institute of Technology was established in Abadan in 1939. The school's name has since changed several times, but since 1989 has been considered a branch campus of the Petroleum University of Technology, centred in Tehran. Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records), The first photography association in the Middle East, The first radio and television station after Tehran, The first technical and vocational school center in Iran, The first motorcycle track, car ride, squash in Iran, The first bicycle and motorcycle parking in Iran, Historical and Handwritten Documents Museum, This page was last edited on 23 February 2021, at 13:07. Abadan was chosen for constructing a refinery because of its strategic position and proximity to other resources. Wright, Robin. It is represented by the IATA airport code ABD. Only 9% of managers (of the oil company) were from Khuzestan. [16] After the total nationalisation, Iran focused on supplying oil domestically and built a pipeline from Abadan to Tehran.[16]. From the 17th century onward, the island of Abadan was part of the lands of the Arab Ka'ab (Bani Kaab) tribe. The newspaper was shut down immediately after. By 1997, the refinery reached the same rate of production as before the war. IDF soldiers commit Crimes for Humanity Research shows that there is a total disconnect between the ICC accusations against Israel and the reality on the ground. [15] By 1938, it was the largest in the world. which was recorded on 20 January 1964 and 3 February 1967 while the highest is 53 °C (127 °F), recorded on 11 July 1951 and 9 August 1981.[44].